Mitral regurgitation calculator: continuity method
Explore the continuity method for mitral regurgitation, with the tool’s volume measurements, formula and method qualifications.
Method
RVol = mitral SV − LVOT SV
Use the measurement units shown below. Some fields apply only to a selected method or condition; follow the interactive tool’s method choices. The interactive tool keeps missing measurements incomplete and provides its method-specific results and reference context.
Measurements and acquisition
LVOT diameter cm
2D echo · inner-edge measurement
- Use the specified view and cardiac phase.
- Align the calipers perpendicular to the structure’s long axis.
- Measure inner edge to inner edge and avoid oblique foreshortening.
LVOT VTI cm
Pulsed-wave Doppler
- Place the sample volume at the specified annulus or outflow tract.
- Align the Doppler beam with flow and record a clean envelope.
- Trace the modal velocity envelope and use the reported VTI.
Mitral annulus diameter cm
2D echo · inner-edge measurement
- Use the specified view and cardiac phase.
- Align the calipers perpendicular to the structure’s long axis.
- Measure inner edge to inner edge and avoid oblique foreshortening.
Mitral annulus VTI cm
Pulsed-wave Doppler
- Place the sample volume at the specified annulus or outflow tract.
- Align the Doppler beam with flow and record a clean envelope.
- Trace the modal velocity envelope and use the reported VTI.
MR jet VTI cm
Continuous-wave Doppler trace
- Use the same aligned CW recording as the peak velocity.
- Trace the outer edge of the dense envelope for the relevant phase.
- Use the machine-reported VTI in centimeters.
Sources and method context
American Society of Echocardiography · 2017 · Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation · Quantitative flow pp. 7–8; MR Table 7 pp. 22–25; Table 8 and Figure 18 pp. 29–30
- Flow calculation · Pages 7–8 · quantitative pulsed-Doppler method
Stroke volume equals cross-sectional area multiplied by VTI; regurgitant volume is the difference between flow through the regurgitant valve and a competent reference site.
- MR application & pitfalls · Pages 22–25 · Table 7
Mitral and LVOT sampling requirements, accumulated measurement error, and exclusions when another important regurgitant lesion is present.
- Severity integration · Pages 29–30 · Table 8 and Figure 18
EROA, regurgitant volume and regurgitant fraction bands plus the integrative MR grading framework.
Catalogue review status: Exact guideline locator mapped · clinical sign-off pending
These pages describe the educational tool. Interpret measurements with the complete clinical context and the method’s acquisition limitations.
Keep exploring
- Apical four chamber acquisition guide · Open in Probe Lab
- Apical two chamber acquisition guide · Open in Probe Lab
- Apical five chamber acquisition guide · Open in Probe Lab
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